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Objective::To explore the effect of Tongxie Yaofang on p38 mitogen activated protease(p38 MAPK), mitogen and stress protein kinase 1(MSK1), cyclic adenosine effector response element binding protein(CREB)mRNA and protein expression in colon tissue of diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) rat model with liver depression and spleen deficiency(GYPX), and interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and the content of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum. Method::The 60 SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 10 rats in each group. Except the normal group, rats in the other groups were given by gavage with folium sennae and chronic bondage to establish D-IBS with GYPX for 14 days. The low, medium, and high doses Tongxie Yaofang were administered to Tongxie Yaofang(2.25, 4.5, 9 g·kg-1)gavage respectively. The piveronium bromide group was given piveronium bromide tablets suspension(0.02 g·kg-1)gavage.The normal group group and model group were given the same volume normal saline for 21 days. After the last gavage for 18 hours, the heart blood was collected and the colon tissue was dissected. Real-time PCR was used to observe the expression of p38 MAPK, MSK1 and CREB mRNA in rat colon. Western blot was used to observe the expression of p38 MAPK, MSK1 and CREB protein. ELISA was used to observe the contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in colon. Hydroxylamine was used to observe the T-SOD level in serum, thiobarbituric acid(TBA)was used to observe the MDA content in serum. hematoxyl in-eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the morphological changes of colon tissues. Result::Compared with normal group, the expression of p38 MAPK, MSK1, CREB mRNA and the protein content of p38 MAPK, MSK1 and CREB in the colon tissue of model group rats increased significantly, while the content of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α increased significantly(P<0.05). The level of serum T-SOD decreased significantly, and the content of MDA increased significantly(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the medium and high dose group of Tongxie Yaofang significantly decreased the expression of p38 MAPK mRNA, content of p38 MAPK, CREB protein and IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α in colon tissue(P<0.05). The level of serum T-SOD increased significantly, and the content of MDA decreased significantly(P<0.05). High dose group of Tongxie Yaofang can significantly decreased the expression of MSK1, CREB mRNA, content of MSK1 protein(P<0.05). Histopathological observation showed that no significant organic lesions were observed in the colonic morphology of each group of rats, which was consistent with the morphological characteristics of IBS. Conclusion::Tongxie Yaofang has a significant dose-effect relationship in the treatment of D-IBS rats with GYPX in a certain range, which may be related to its increases antioxidant stress and inhibit activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway and reducing the level of downstream inflammatory factors.
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Substance addiction is a chronic and recurrent disorder and may be related to complex neural circuits. However, there is no optimally effective treatment for substance addiction currently. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive, safe and easy-to-operate neuro-electrophysiological technique, which is becoming an emerging therapeutic option for many mental disorders. The effect of rTMS on substance addiction is closely related to the stimulation of neural circuits. However, the mechanism is still unknown. The review summarizes recent research progress on the application of rTMS and its application combined with other therapies in substance addiction, as well as the regulation of rTMS on substance addiction-related neural circuits.
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Objective To investigate the protective effects of Angelica sinensis and Angelica sinensis polysaccharide against liver and kidney injury induced by irradiation of SD rats.Methods Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group,model group,Angelica decoction group and Angelica sinensis polysaccharide group.After 14 days of routine feeding,the rats were treated by intragastric administration once a day for 7 days.From the 8th day,the rats received whole body X-ray irradiation for 2 days.The total absorbed dose was 6Gy,and the dose rate was 92.26cGy/min.The rats were killed and the blood were collected from the femoral artery 3 days after irradiation.The content of superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and lipid peroxide (LPO) in the liver and kidney tissues was detected by colorimetric analysis.The pathological changes of the liver and kidney were observed by HE staining under microscope.The expression of Nrf2 protein in the liver and kidney of the rats was detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with control group,the weight of the liver and kidney significantly increased,the activities of SOD and GSH-Px significantly decreased,the contents of MDA and LPO significantly increased,and the liver and kidney cells showed obvious edema,and the content of Nrf2 in the liver and kidney increased in the model group.Compared with model group,the weight of the liver and kidney decreased,SOD and GSH-Px activities significantly increased,the contents of MDA and LPO significantly decreased,edema of the liver and kidney significantly reduced,the expression of Nrf2 in the liver and kidney tissues decreased in Angelica decoction group and Angelica sinensis polysaccharides group,while there was no difference between Angelica sinensis polysaccharide group and Angelica decoction group.Conclusion Angelica sinensis and Angelica polysaccharides have a good protective effect against liver and kidney injury induced by radiation in SD rats,which is implemented mainly through influencing the expression of free radicals.The protective effect of Angelica against radiation injury is achieved mainly by Angelica polysaccharide.
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Objective To investigate the changes of the level of serum uric acid ( SUA ) in hypertension patients with target organ damage and its clinical significance. Methods From January 2013 to December 2014,a series of 1320 cases of primary hypertension in our hospital were included as a case group.According to the cases with or without target damage, they were allocated into two groups:organ damaged and organ non-damaged,with 100 healthy cases as control group.The SUC levels deteced were compared between the groups. Results Of the 1320 cases with target organ damage, 1091 cases (82.65%) were found to have level of SUA significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05);SUA level in organ damaged group was higher than that in non-damaged group ( P<0 .05 );SUA level in cases with 3 or more target organs damage was significantly higher than that in cases with 1 and 2 target organs damage(P<0.05),indicating a significant positive correlation.The age of hypertensive patients,and their SUA TC,TG,LDL-C,BUN,Cr,FBG,LVMI,SBP,DBP(r>0, P<0.05), were positively correlated with SUA, which was significantly negatively correlated with HDL-C (r<0, P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the hypertension course(OR=5.669), SBP(OR=4.323),DBP(OR=4.215),LVMI(OR=4.323),SCR(OR=4.215) and target organ damage(OR=7.145) all had remarkable impact with SUA levels in patients ( P <0.05 ) . Conclusion The level of SUA in hypertension is generally elevated and closely related with target organ damage and glucolipid metabolic disorder, and the course of hypertension.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important pathogen related to serious infections and nosocomial outbreaks around the world. However, of the frequently used methods, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in Acinetobacter baumannii genotyping lack the direct molecular proof of drug resistance. This study was conducted to establish a typing method based on drug resistant gene identification in contrast to traditional PFGE and AFLP in the period of nosocomial epidemic or outbreak.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2005 to October 2005, twenty-seven strains of Acinetobacter species from Intensive Care Units, the Second Affiliated Hospital in Ningbo were isolated, including both epidemic and sporadic events. Susceptibility test, PFGE, AFLP and drug resistance gene typing (DRGT) were carried out to confirm the drug resistance and analyze the genotyping, respectively. PFGE was used as a reference to evaluate the typeability of DRGT and AFLP.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-seven strains of Acinetobacter displayed multiple antibiotic resistance and drug resistant genes, and beta-lactamase genes were detected in 85.2% strains. The result of DRGT was comparable to PFGE in Acinetobacter strains with different drug resistance though a little difference existed, and even suggested a molecular evolution course of different drug-resistant strains. AFLP showed great polymorphism between strains and had weak ability in distinguishing the drug resistance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared to AFLP and PFGE, DRGT is useful to analyze localized molecular epidemiology of nosocomial infections and outbreaks, which would benefit clinical diagnosis and therapy.</p>
Subject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections , Microbiology , Acinetobacter baumannii , Classification , Genetics , Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Genetics , Physiology , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Genotype , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between the drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) isolated from burn patients wounds and its mobile genetic elements, including plasmid, transposon, and integron.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two strains of PA were isolated from wounds exudate of hospitalized burn patients in Ningbo No. 2 Hospital. PA drug sensitivity was determined using GNS-448 drug sensitivity card and K-B tests. The genetic markers of plasmid, transposon and integron including traA, traF, tnpA, tnpU, merA, int I 1 were amplified by PCR and verified by gene sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Drug resistant rate of 32 PA strains to gentamicin, amikacin, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ciprofloxacin was 43.7%, 32.0%, 46.8%, 49.9%, respectively. PA drug resistant rates to piperacillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, piperacillin/tazobactam, levofloxacin, imipenem and meropenem were all above 56.0%. Seventeen out of 32 PA strains were found to carry transposon and (or) integron genetic markers. One strain was positive for both tnpA and merA, 8 strains were positive for both merA and int I 1, 1 strain was only positive for tnpA, 2 strains were only positive for merA, and 5 strains were positive for int I 1 only.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PA isolated from burn wounds of hospitalized patients in Ningbo No. 2 Hospital is seriously drug resistant, which may relate with its high positive rate of mobile genetic elements of transposon and (or) integron.</p>